Managing Turfgrass Diseases
| GENERIC AND TRADE NAMES OF COMMON TURFGRASS FUNGICIDES. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Generic names | Contact (C) Localized systemic (LS) or Systemic (S) | Common trade names1 |
| Azoxystrobin | S | Heritage |
| Captan | C | Captan |
| Chloroneb | LS | Terraneb SP, Teremec SP, ProTurf Fungicide V |
| Chlorothalonil | C | Daconil, Manicure, Thalonil, Echo |
| Cyproconazole | S | Sentinel |
| Ethazole (Etridiazole) | C | Koban, Terrazole |
| Fenarimol | S | Rubigan |
| Fosetyl-Aluminum | S | Aliette, Prodigy |
| Flutolanil | S | ProStar |
| Iprodione | LS | Chipco 26019, ProTurf Fungicide X |
| Mancozeb | C | Fore, Dithane T/O, Protect T/O, 4 Flowable Mancozeb |
| Metalaxyl | S | Subdue, Apron (seed treatment only) |
| Mefenoxam | S | Subdue MAXX |
| Myclobutanil | S | Eagle |
| PCNB (Quintozene) | C | Cleary's PCNB, Revere, Penstar, Terraclor, Turfcide, Turfgo Engage |
| Propamocarb | S | Banol |
| Propiconazole | S | Banner MAXX |
| Thiophanate-methyl | S | Cleary's 3336, Fungo 50 |
| Triadimefon | S | Bayleton, ProTurf Fungicide VII, Granular Turf Fungicide |
| Vinclozolin | LS | Vorlan, Curalan, Touche |
| Thiram | C | Spotrete-F, Thiram |
| Combination products | ||
| Fenarimol + Chlorothalonil | S + C | Twosome |
| Thiophanate-methyl + Chlorothalonil | S + C | ConSyst |
| Thiophanate-methyl + Mancozeb | S + C | Duosan |
| Thiophanate-methyl + Iprodione | S + LS | ProTurf Fluid Fungicide |
| Triadimefon + Metalaxyl | S + S | ProTurf Fluid Fungicide II |
| Triadimefon + Thiram | S + C | ProTurf Fluid Fungicide III |
| Metalaxyl + Mancozeb | S + C | Pace |
| 1Products may be available only through specialized dealers or only in large quantity. Some products can be purchased and applied only by licensed pesticide applicators. This list is presented for information only. No endorsement is intended for products mentioned, or is criticism meant for products not mentioned. | ||
| Summary of disease management strategies. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Diseases and pathogens | Environmental management and resistant species/cultivars | Fungicides |
| Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum graminicola) |
Provide adequate fertility (especially nitrogen), avoid excess irrigation, improve drainage, aerate to relieve compaction, and improve air circulation. Annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass particularly susceptible. No resistant cultivars known. | Azoxystrobin
Chlorothalonil Cyproconazole Fenarimol Propiconazole Thiophanate methyl Triadimefon |
| Brown patch
(Rhizoctonia solani) |
Avoid excess nitrogen and irrigation in summer.
Creeping bentgrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue are the most
susceptible. Kentucky bluegrass and fine fescues are the most
resistant species.
Resistant perennial ryegrass cultivars: Prizm, Affinity, APM, Morning Star, Bright Star, Prelude II, Assure, Wind Star, Riviera II, Mulligan, and Seville. |
Azoxystrobin
Chlorothalonil Cyproconazole Fenarimol Flutolanil Iprodione Mancozeb Myclobutanil Propiconazole Thiophanate methyl Triadimefon Vinclozolin Thiram |
| Damping-off
(species of Fusarium, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia) |
Avoid excessive seeding rates and excess nitrogen. Do not seed in summer unless absolutely necessary. Avoid overabundance of mulch. No resistant species/cultivars known. | Captan*
Banol Ethazole (Koban) Metalaxyl* *also available as seed treatment |
| Dollar spot
(Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) |
Avoid nitrogen deficiency, drought stress, and night
watering. Remove dew in early morning. Creeping bentgrass, annual
bluegrass and Kentucky bluegrass particularly susceptible. Tall fescue
is quite resistant.
Resistant creeping bentgrass cultivars: Penn A-1, Penn G-2, L-93, Cato, and Providence. Resistant Kentucky bluegrass cultivars: Preakness, Princeton 104, NuStar, Unique, Banff, A-34, and Eagleton. |
Chlorothalonil
Cyproconazole Fenarimol Iprodione Mancozeb Myclobutanil Propiconazole Thiophanate methyl Triadimefon Vinclozolin Thiram |
| Fairy rings
(basidiomycete fungi) |
Mask symptoms by fertilizing with nitrogen and/or iron. Thoroughly water rings to avoid drought. Core aeration and application of wetting agents may help wetting of affected soils. No resistant species/cultivars available. | Flutolanil |
| Gray snow mold
(Typhula incarnata) |
Avoid piling snow in sensitive turfed areas. Remove tree leaves from turf before snow cover. Rake disease damaged areas in spring to break up matted grass. Creeping bentgrass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue are very susceptible. In problem lawns substitute Kentucky bluegrass or fine fescues for perennial ryegrass or tall fescue. | Azoxystrobin
Chloroneb Chlorothalonil Cyproconazole Ethazole Fenarimol Flutolanil Iprodione PCNB Propiconazole Triadimefon Thiram Vinclozolin |
| Leaf spot/melting out
(Bipolaris, Drechlera, and Exserohilum spp.) |
Avoid excess use of nitrogen in early spring. Avoid
using common types of Kentucky bluegrass.
Resistant Kentucky bluegrass cultivars: Ascot, Princeton 104, Eclipse, Unique, Alpine, SR 2000, Bartita, Apex, Touchdown, Liberty, and Barblue. |
Azoxystrobin
Chlorothalonil Iprodione Mancozeb Vinclozolin |
| Necrotic ring spot
(Leptosphaeria korrae) |
Use cultural practices that reduce turf stress, such as irrigation when turf undergoes drought stress and raising mowing heights to 2 inches or more. Overseed affected areas with perennial ryegrass. Tall fescue is also resistant to necrotic ring spot. | Azoxystrobin
Cyproconazole Fenarimol Iprodione Myclobutanil Propiconazole Thiophanate methyl |
| Pink snow mold/Fusarium patch
(Microdochium nivale) |
Avoid piling snow in sensitive turfed areas. Continue mowing turf in fall until growth ceases. Do not apply excessive amounts of nitrogen in mid-fall. Creeping bentgrass and perennial ryegrass are more susceptible than Kentucky bluegrass and fine fescues. | Azoxystrobin
Cyproconazole Fenarimol Iprodione Mancozeb PCNB Propiconazole Thiophanate methyl Thiram Triadimefon Vinclozolin |
| Powdery mildew
(Erysiphe graminis) |
Do not grow Kentucky bluegrass in shaded areas. Prune trees to allow more light to reach turf. Use fine fescues or shade-tolerant ground covers in shaded areas. | Cyproconazole
Fenarimol Myclobutanil Propiconazole Triadimefon |
| Pythium blight
(Pythium aphanidermatum) |
Avoid excessive nitrogen and irrigation in hot, humid weather. Improve drainage and air circulation in areas where Pythium blight is a problem. Perennial ryegrass and creeping bentgrass are particularly susceptible to Pythium blight. Kentucky bluegrass is less susceptible to this disease. | Azoxystrobin
Chloroneb Ethazole Fosetyl-Aluminum Metalaxyl Mefenoxam Propamocarb |
| Red thread/Pink patch
(Laetisaria/(Limonomyces fuciformis)/roseipellis) |
Avoid nitrogen deficiencies, especially on perennial
ryegrass and fine fescues. Although Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue
are susceptible to these diseases, the resulting disease damage is
usually not as severe as with perennial rygrass and the fine fescues.
Resistant perennial ryegrass cultivars: Regal, Legacy, Sherwood, Derby Supreme, Loretta, Gettysburg, Assure, and Pinnacle. |
Azoxystrobin*
Chlorothalonil Cyproconazole Fenarimol Flutolanil Iprodione Mancozeb Myclobutanil Propiconazole Thiophanate methyl** Triadimefon Vinclozolin *Labeled only for red thread. **Controls only red thread. |
| Rust
(Puccinia spp.) |
Avoid nitrogen deficiencies and moisture stress in late summer/early fall. Applications of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation at the first sign of infection will help reduce disease severity. Perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass are very susceptible. The fine fescues and tall fescue are quite resistant to most foliar rust diseases. | Chlorothalonil
Cyproconazole Fenarimol Mancozeb Myclobutanil Propiconazole Triadimefon |
| Slime molds
(Mucilago, Physarum, Fuligo spp.) |
Remove spores by mowing, brushing, raking, or irrigating the turf. | Fungicides not required. |
| Summer patch
(Magnaporthe poae) |
Employ cultural practices that promote root growth. Increase aeration and improve drainage on compacted and poorly-drained soils. Raise mowing heights of Kentucky bluegrass in summer if mowed below 2 inches in height. Kentucky bluegrass, annual bluegrass, and fine fescues are susceptible. Perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and creeping bentgrass are resistant. | Azoxystrobin
Cyproconazole Fenarimol Myclobutanil Propiconazole Thiophanate methyl Triadimefon |
| Take-all patch
(Gaeumannomyces graminis) |
Only a problem on bentgrasses. Use acidifying fertilizers or sulfur to lower thatch and soil pH. Avoid applications of lime where take-all patch is a problem. No resistant cultivars are known. | Azoxystrobin
Fenarimol Triadimefon |
| Yellow patch
(Rhizoctonia cerealis) |
Improve surface drainage and avoid excessive applications of nitrogen. | Azoxystrobin
Chlorothalonil Flutolanil Iprodione Mancozeb PCNB |
| Nematodes | Employ cultural practices that promote root growth. Increase aeration and improve drainage on compacted and poorly-drained soils. | Mocap* (Nematicide)
Nemacur* (Nematicide) |
| *NOTE: Nematicides are restricted use pesticides. These are only used to control nematodes and not other diseases. | ||
Prepared by Peter Landschoot, associate professor of turfgrass science, from Extension Circular 339, Managing Turfgrass Diseases by Patricia L. Sanders.
Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences research, extension, and resident education programs are funded in part by Pennsylvania counties, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
This publication is available from the Publications Distribution Center, the Pennsylvania State University, 112 Agricultural Administration Building, University Park, PA 16802. For information telephone (814) 865-6713.
Where trade names are used, no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Pennsylvania State University Cooperative Extension is implied.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of Congress May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Pennsylvania Legislature. T. L. Alter, Director of Cooperative Extension, The Pennsylvania State University.
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©The Pennsylvania State University 1997. R3M398nvo